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Russian Pronouns Declension: Personal, Possessive & Demonstrative

5 min read

Nouns and adjectives follow fairly regular ending charts. Pronouns do not. Forms like меня, ему, неё, этом look unrelated to я, он, она, этот — until you see them as a closed system you simply have to learn.

This guide covers the three pronoun groups you need every day: personal (я, ты, он…), possessive (мой, наш, свой…), and demonstrative (этот / тот). You will also get the preposition trap (него / неё / них) and 20 example sentences with transliteration.

Why Pronouns Don’t Follow Noun Patterns

Russian noun endings are mostly predictable once you know gender. Pronouns are suppletive: many case forms come from older stems, so я → меня → мне → мной is a paradigm you memorize as a set, not build letter by letter.

That sounds worse than it is. There are only a handful of personal pronouns, and you use them constantly — so drilling the tables pays off faster than almost any other grammar chart.

  • Personal pronouns change stem across cases (я / меня / мной).
  • Possessive and demonstrative pronouns behave more like adjectives — they agree in gender, number, and case.
  • After most prepositions, third-person pronouns add н-: него, неё, них (not *его, *её, *их).

Personal Pronouns in All 6 Cases

Learn these as vertical columns. The nominative is the citation form; every other case is a speaking form you will hear in real sentences.

Patterns worth noticing

Genitive = accusative for я, ты, он, она, оно, мы, вы, они (same forms: меня, тебя, его…). That cuts memorisation almost in half.

Dative and prepositional share мне / тебе for first and second person singular.

Вы is both plural “you” and polite singular “you” — the forms are identical; only the verb agreement and social context change.

Personal pronouns declined in all six cases
Caseятыононаономывыони
Nominativeятыононаономывыони
Genitiveменятебяегоеёегонасвасих
Dativeмнетебеемуейемунамвамим
Accusativeменятебяегоеёегонасвасих
Instrumentalмной (-ою)тобой (-ою)имей (-ею)имнамивамиими
Prepositionalмнетебенёмнейнёмнасвасних
  • Instrumental мной / тобой sometimes appear as мною / тобою in formal or poetic style — rare in everyday speech.
  • Он / оно share almost all non-nominative forms (его, ему, им, нём).
  • Drill with verbs you already know: дай мне, я вижу тебя, мы говорим о нём.

Possessive Pronouns and Agreement

Possessives answer чей? чья? чьё? чьи? (whose?). Unlike English “my,” Russian мой changes with the noun it modifies — exactly like an adjective.

наш / ваш

Наш and ваш follow a soft-looking pattern: нашего, нашей, нашему, наши… Same agreement logic as мой.

свой vs его / её / их

Свой means “one’s own” and refers back to the subject: Он читает свою книгу (his own book).

Его / её / их mean “his / her / their” and do not decline: Я вижу его книгу (I see his book). Only the noun (and any adjectives) change.

Declension of мой — model for твой and свой
Caseмой (masc.)моя (fem.)моё (neut.)мои (pl.)
Nominativeмоймоямоёмои
Genitiveмоегомоеймоегомоих
Dativeмоемумоеймоемумоим
Accusativeмой / моегомоюмоёмои / моих
Instrumentalмоиммоеймоиммоими
Prepositionalмоёммоеймоёммоих
  • Accusative animacy applies: я вижу моего брата, but я вижу мой дом.
  • For the full adjective-style logic behind these endings, see [Russian adjective declension](/learn/articles/russian-adjective-declension).

Demonstratives: этот / тот

Этот = this (near); тот = that (far / previously mentioned). Both decline and agree with the noun.

тот in brief

Тот / та / то / те follow the same case logic with different stems: того, той, тому, ту, тем, том, тех…

Useful contrast: Эта книга интересная, а та — скучная. (This book is interesting, and that one is boring.)

это vs этот

Invariant это meaning “this is / these are” does not decline in that role: Это мой брат. Declined этот/эта/это/эти modify a noun: Этот брат живёт в Москве.

Declension of этот (this)
Caseэтотэтаэтоэти
Nominativeэтотэтаэтоэти
Genitiveэтогоэтойэтогоэтих
Dativeэтомуэтойэтомуэтим
Accusativeэтот / этогоэтуэтоэти / этих
Instrumentalэтимэтойэтимэтими
Prepositionalэтомэтойэтомэтих

The Preposition Trap (него, неё, них)

After most prepositions, third-person pronouns take an initial н-. Forgetting it is one of the most common intermediate mistakes.

Third-person pronouns with and without prepositions
Without prepositionWith prepositionEnglish
я знаю егоя думаю о нёмI know him / I think about him
я вижу еёя иду к нейI see her / I go to her
я слушаю ихя говорю с нимиI listen to them / I speak with them
это его книгакнига у негоit is his book / he has a book
  • Forms to memorize: него, нему, ним, нём (он/оно); неё, ней (она); них, ним, ними (они).
  • The н- appears after prepositions like о, у, к, с, для, без, из, от…
  • Possessive его / её / их (“his/her/their”) still do not decline — but as object pronouns after a preposition, use the н- personal forms.

20 Example Sentences

Twenty sentences covering personal, possessive, and demonstrative pronouns. 1–8 personal · 9–14 possessive · 15–20 demonstrative / preposition trap.

20 pronoun examples with transliteration
#RussianTransliterationEnglish
1Дай мне книгу.Day mne knigu.Give me the book.
2Я вижу тебя.Ya vizhu tebya.I see you.
3Мы говорим о нём.My govorim o nyom.We are talking about him.
4Скажи ей правду.Skazhi yey pravdu.Tell her the truth.
5Он идёт с нами.On idyot s nami.He is going with us.
6Это письмо для вас.Eto pis'mo dlya vas.This letter is for you.
7Я их не знаю.Ya ikh ne znayu.I don’t know them.
8У неё есть сестра.U neyo yest' sestra.She has a sister.
9Это мой брат.Eto moy brat.This is my brother.
10Я читаю свою книгу.Ya chitayu svoyu knigu.I am reading my (own) book.
11Где наша машина?Gde nasha mashina?Where is our car?
12Я вижу моего друга.Ya vizhu moyego druga.I see my friend.
13Его дом большой.Yego dom bol'shoy.His house is big.
14Она любит свою работу.Ona lyubit svoyu rabotu.She loves her (own) job.
15Этот город красивый.Etot gorod krasivyy.This city is beautiful.
16Я живу в этом доме.Ya zhivu v etom dome.I live in this house.
17Дай мне ту ручку.Day mne tu ruchku.Give me that pen.
18Мы говорим об этой проблеме.My govorim ob etoy probleme.We are talking about this problem.
19Кто это? — Это она.Kto eto? — Eto ona.Who is that? — It’s her.
20Я иду к нему.Ya idu k nemu.I am going to him.

Common Mistakes with Russian Pronouns

  • Using его after a preposition: *о его* ✗ → о нём ✓ (when “him” is the object of the preposition).
  • Confusing свой and его: subject’s own thing → свой; someone else’s → его/её/их.
  • Forgetting agreement on мой: *мой книга* ✗ → моя книга ✓.
  • Treating это (this is) like этот (this + noun): Это мама vs Эта мама.
  • Mixing dative and accusative: дай мне (dative) vs вижу меня (accusative).

Frequently asked questions

Do Russian personal pronouns have different forms for every case?
Yes. Each personal pronoun has a full six-case paradigm. The good news is that genitive and accusative are identical for all of them, which reduces what you must memorize.
When do I use него instead of его?
Use него / неё / них (and related н- forms) after prepositions when the pronoun is the object of that preposition: о нём, у неё, с ними. Bare его / её / их are used without a governing preposition, or as indeclinable possessives meaning his / her / their.
What is the difference between мой and свой?
Мой means “my” from the speaker’s point of view. Свой means “one’s own” and refers back to the subject of the clause: Он взял свою сумку (He took his own bag).
How do этот and это differ?
Это as “this is / these are” is invariant: Это мой брат. Этот / эта / это / эти are demonstrative adjectives that agree with a noun: Этот брат живёт здесь.
Is вы always plural?
Grammatically the forms are the same. Вы can address multiple people or one person politely. Verbs and past-tense forms agree with plural вы even for polite singular: Вы были правы.

Pronoun declension is finite — and it unlocks almost every Russian sentence.

  • Memorize personal pronouns as full columns (genitive = accusative)
  • Decline мой / твой / свой / наш / ваш like adjectives
  • Leave possessive его / её / их unchanged
  • Add н- after prepositions: него, неё, них
  • Drill этот / тот with real nouns until agreement feels automatic

Next, connect pronouns to questions (кто? кому? о ком?) in everyday speech, and keep drilling cases in our free [practice tool](/practice). For adjective-style endings in more detail, revisit the [adjective declension guide](/learn/articles/russian-adjective-declension).

Practice Russian Cases — Free →

Russian Pronouns Declension Chart | Russian Cases with Anna